abstract：:Screening of newborns for permanent congenital or early-onset hearing impairment has emerged as an essential component of neonatal care in developed countries, following favourable outcomes from early intervention in the critical period for optimal speech and language development. Progress towards a similar programme ...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Olusanya BO,Luxon LM,Wirz SL

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "Kantian ideal" is often misunderstood as invoking individual autonomy rather than rational self legislation. Le Morvan and Stock's otherwise insightful discussion of "Medical learning curves and the Kantian ideal"--for example--draws the mistaken inference that that ideal is inconsistent with the realities of med...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Brecher B

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the preferences of patients for information related to elective procedures. METHODS:A survey was carried out using a sample of 187 women. The majority of whom were on a low-income, who obtained obstetric or gynaecological services at St Joseph Regional Medical Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, while t...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Coleman PK,Reardon DC,Lee MB

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the recent Clinical Trials Directive, a degree of harmonisation into research ethics committees (RECs) across Europe, including the time taken to assess a trial proposal and the kinds of issues a committee should take into account, has been introduced by the European Union (EU). How four different member states-H...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Hedgecoe A,Carvalho F,Lobmayer P,Raka F

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:By providing healthcare to adolescents, a major opportunity is created to help them cope with the challenges in their lives, develop healthy behaviour and become responsible healthcare consumers. Confidentiality is a major issue in adolescent healthcare, and its perceived absence may be the main barrier to a...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Pérez-Cárceles MD,Pereñiguez JE,Osuna E,Pérez-Flores D,Luna A

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproductive autonomy is central to women's welfare both because childbearing takes place in women's bodies and because they are generally expected to take primary responsibility for child rearing. In 2005, the factors that influence their autonomy most strongly are poverty and belief systems that devalue such autonom...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Purdy L

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this research is to analyse the evolution and nature of published empirical research in the fields of medical ethics and bioethics. DESIGN:Retrospective quantitative study of nine peer reviewed journals in the field of bioethics and medical ethics (Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthca...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Borry P,Schotsmans P,Dierickx K

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Groningen protocol allows for the euthanasia of severely ill newborns with a hopeless prognosis and unbearable suffering. We understand the impetus for such a protocol but have moral and ethical concerns with it. Advocates for euthanasia in adults have relied on the concept of human autonomy, which is lacking in t...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Jotkowitz AB,Glick S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychotropic and other drugs can alter brain mechanisms regulating the formation, storage, and retrieval of different types of memory. These include "off label" uses of existing drugs and new drugs designed specifically to target the neural bases of memory. This paper discusses the use of beta-adrenergic antagonists t...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Glannon W

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of regenerative medicine is to reconstruct tissue that has been lost or pathologically altered. Therapeutic cloning seems to offer a method of achieving this aim; however, the ethical debate surrounding human therapeutic cloning is highly controversial. Artificial parthenogenesis-obtaining embryos from unferti...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Fangerau H

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The need to reinvigorate medical confidentiality protections is recognised as an important objective in building patient trust necessary for successful health outcomes. Little is known about patient understanding and expectations from medical confidentiality. OBJECTIVE:To identify and describe patient views of...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Jenkins G,Merz JF,Sankar P

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Junior researchers can be abused and bullied by unscrupulous senior collaborators. This article describes the profile of a type of serial abuser, the White Bull, who uses his academic seniority to distort authorship credit and who disguises his parasitism with carefully premeditated deception. Further research into th...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Kwok LS

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore mental health service users' views of existing and proposed compulsory powers. DESIGN:A qualitative study employing in-depth interviews. Participants were asked to respond to hypothetical questions regarding the application of compulsory powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 for people other th...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Canvin K,Bartlett A,Pinfold V

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "standard position" on organ donation is that the donor must be dead in order for vital organs to be removed, a position with which we agree. Recently, Robert Truog and Walter Robinson have argued that (1) brain death is not death, and (2) even though "brain dead" patients are not dead, it is morally acceptable to...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Potts M,Evans DW

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper investigates the efficiency of application of medical ethics principles in the practice of artificial insemination by donors (AID) in China, in a culture characterised by traditional ethical values and disapproval of AID. The paper presents the ethical approach to AID treatment as established by the Reprodu...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Li LJ,Lu GX

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The practice of covertly administering medication is controversial. Although condemned by some as overly paternalistic, others have suggested that it may be acceptable if patients have permanent mental incapacity and refuse needed treatment. Ethical, legal, and clinical considerations become more complex when the ment...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Wong JG,Poon Y,Hui EC

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper argues that the HFEA's recent report on sex selection abdicates its responsibility to give its own authentic advice on the matters within its remit, that it accepts arguments and conclusions that are implausible on the face of it and where they depend on empirical claims, produces no empirical evidence what...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Harris J

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The death of Jesse Gelsinger in 1999 during a gene therapy trial raised many questions about the ethical review of medical research. Here, the author argues that the principle of justice is interpreted too narrowly and receives insufficient emphasis and that what we permit in terms of bodily invasion affects the value...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Kong WM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the influential Gifford and Reith lectures by Onora O'Neill, this paper explores further the paradigm of individual autonomy which has been so dominant in bioethics until recently and concurs that it is an aberrant application and that conceptions of individual autonomy cannot provide a sufficient and convin...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Stirrat GM,Gill R

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is currently drafting a Universal Bioethics Declaration ("the declaration"). The content and even the name of the declaration has yet to be finalized, but it is expected to range widely over hum...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Faunce TA

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior to the second world war, most persons confined in insane asylums were regarded as legally incompetent and had guardians appointed for them. Today, most persons confined in mental hospitals (or treated involuntarily, committed to outpatient treatment) are, in law, competent; nevertheless, in fact, they are treate...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Szasz T

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Competent patients who refuse life saving medical treatment present a dilemma for healthcare professionals. On one hand, respect for autonomy and liberty demand that physicians respect a patient's decision to refuse treatment. However, it is often apparent that such patients are not fully competent. They may not adequ...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Gross ML

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Robert Veatch has proposed a model of the doctor-patient relationship that has as its foundation the sharing of values between the doctor and the patient. This paper uses qualitative research conducted with six doctors involved in the long term, specialised care of HIV positive patients in South Australia to explore t...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Lawlor A,Braunack-Mayer A

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The way people think about equality as a value will influence how they think genetic interventions should be regulated. In this paper the author uses the taxonomy of equality put forth by Derek Parfit and applies this to the issue of genetic interventions. It is argued that telic egalitarianism is untenable and that d...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Farrelly C

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to a recent convention on human rights and biomedicine, coercive treatment of psychiatric patients may only be given if, without such treatment, serious harm is likely to result to the health of the patient; it must not be given in the interest of other people. In the present article a discussion is undertak...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Tannsjo T

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:"No one has advanced a just and logical reason why reward for service to the public should be extended to the inventor of a mechanical toy and denied to the genius whose patience, foresight, and effort have given a valuable new [discovery] to mankind" (Katopis CJ. Patents v patents: policy implications of recent paten...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Mitnovetski O,Nicol D

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore the ways in which health care practitioners working within the morally contested area of prenatal screening balance their professional and private moral values. DESIGN:Qualitative study incorporating semistructured interviews with health practitioners followed by multidisciplinary discussion group...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Farsides B,Williams C,Alderson P

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study investigated Finnish physicians' experiences of decisions concerning living wills and do not resuscitate (DNR) orders and also their views on the role of patients and family members in these decisions. DESIGN:A questionnaire was sent to 800 physicians representing the following specialties: gener...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Hildén HM,Louhiala P,Palo J

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given wh...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Spriggs M

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Debate on the potential and uses of human stem cells tends to be conducted by two constituencies-ethicists and scientists. On many occasions there is little communication between the two, with the result that ethical debate is not informed as well as it might be by scientific insights. The aim of this paper is to high...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Towns CR,Jones DG

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyse the decision making for end of life care for patients with cancer at a teaching hospital in Japan at two periods 10 years apart. DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective study conducted in a 550 bed community teaching hospital in Okinawa, Japan. PATIENTS:There were 124 terminally ill cancer patients (45...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Tokuda Y,Nakazato N,Tamaki K

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:The primary aim of the study was to evaluate two different methods of communicating information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to patients admitted to general medical and elderly care wards. The information was either in the form of a detailed information leaflet (appendix I) or a summary document (appendix...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Sivakumar R,Knight J,Devlin C,Keir P,Ghosh P,Khan S

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, surgical practice has been experiential and based on the contemporary understanding of basic mechanisms of disease. It was both a science and an art and depended to far too great an extent on the individualism and self belief of its main exponents. "Evidence based medicine" (EBM) emerged in the 1980s an...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Stirrat GM

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The issue of the allocation of resources in health care is here to stay. The goal of this study was to explore the views of physicians on several topics that have arisen in the debate on the allocation of scarce resources and to compare these with the views of policy makers. We asked physicians (oncologists, cardiolog...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： van Delden JJ,Vrakking AM,van der Heide A,van der Maas PJ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicts between the ethical values of an organisation and the ethical values of the employees of that organisation can often lead to conflict. When the ethical values of the employee are considerably higher than those of the organisation the potential for catastrophic results is enormous. In recent years several hig...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Faunce T,Bolsin S,Chan WP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Financial conflict of interest in clinical research is an area of active debate. While data exist on the perspectives and roles of academic institutions, investigators, industry sponsors, and scientific journals, little is known about the perspectives of potential research participants. METHODS:The authors ...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Kim SY,Millard RW,Nisbet P,Cox C,Caine ED

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we identify and evaluate arguments for and against offering assisted reproductive technologies (ART), specifically IVF, to HIV discordant couples (male partner HIV positive, female partner HIV negative). The idea of offering ART to HIV discordant couples generates concerns about safety and public health ...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Spriggs M,Charles T

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most moral dilemmas in medicine are analysed using the four principles with some consideration of consequentialism but these frameworks have limitations. It is not always clear how to judge which consequences are best. When principles conflict it is not always easy to decide which should dominate. They also do not tak...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Gardiner P

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:W B Gallie's notion of essentially contested concepts remains of philosophical interest. I argue that medicine is one such concept and look at the consequences of this as regards the inappropriateness of looking for definitions and necessary and sufficient conditions to settle debates about what medicine is and is not...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： McKnight C

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine attitudinal and self reported behavioural variations between medical students in different years to scenarios involving academic misconduct. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study where students were given an anonymous questionnaire that asked about their attitudes to 14 scenarios desc...

journal_title：Journal of medical ethics

authors： Rennie SC,Rudland JR

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00